Table 2.2 Theoretical Alpha Olefin Distribution by Two-Stage Ethylene Oligomerization - Alpha Olefins - Market Size, Market Share and Demand Forecast;

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Table 2.2 Theoretical Alpha Olefin Distribution by Two-Stage Ethylene Oligomerization Generic Keywords: (What are these?) energy industry, chemical industry, energy market research, market research, market trends, chemical industry developments, chemical research, petrochemical industry, petrochemical research, nexant Publication Date: 08-JAN-04 Format: PDF Price: $250.00 Delivery: Immediate Online Access
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Alpha Olefins Publication Date: 08-JAN-04 Format: PDF Price: $6,500.00 Delivery: Immediate Online Access

Description
Background
By the end of 2002 the global demand for linear alpha olefins (C₄-C₂₀₊) amounted to around 3.4 million tons. Alpha olefin markets cover polyethylene comonomers, synthetic lubricants, detergent intermediates, paper sizing agents, lubricant additives, oilfield chemicals and a myriad of small fine and performance chemical uses. The industry has been hit in recent years by the global slowdown in chemicals demand across virtually all segments of the alpha olefins market.
Alpha olefin producers fall into two categories; full range, i.e. those that use ethylene oligomerization to provide a C₄/C₆ to C₂₀₊ range of products, and on-purpose, i.e. butene-1 and hexene-1 only (today). Full range producers include the majors like BP, Chevron Phillips and Shell with smaller units operated by Mitsubishi, Idemitsu and Nizhnekamsk. The other full range producer, Spolana closed in 2003. Sasol occupies a unique position in terms of alpha olefin supply in that it manufactures synthetic gasoline from coal-based synthesis gas using Fischer Tropsch processes. This stream is rich in alpha olefins which are extracted selectively. Sasol produces hexene-1 and octene-1, and it recently has begun extracting higher C₁₁/C₁₂ fractions for captive detergent range alcohols production. Much of the world's butene-1 supply today comes from on purpose production from petrochemical C₄ streams linked to liquids crackers. In regions with low cost ethylene, e.g. the Middle East, butene-1 is made mainly on purpose from ethylene by dimerization. Recently in Qatar the Q-Chem I project started up the first on purpose hexene-1 unit using ethylene trimerization.
Looking ahead the alpha olefin industry is growing at around 4.9 percent per year, but there is an increasing divergence between comonomer alpha olefin demand growth and that of higher fractions. Consequently, R&D efforts have focused on reducing the carbon number make of full range units or developing new on purpose routes to comonomers.
As Figure 1 clearly demonstrates, the alpha olefins business is very complex as major producers serve a broad range of chemical industry segments from polyethylene commoners (C₄-C₈) through synthetic lubricants (C₁₀) and detergent intermediates (C₁₂-C₁₄) to oilfield chemicals, paper sizing agents (C₁₆-C₁₈), lubricant additives (C₂₀₊), and wax rheological modifiers (C₂₄₊). In addition there are a myriad of fine and performance chemical intermediates.
The formidable challenge for the full-range alpha olefins producer is that each market segment served has very different behavior in terms of market size and growth, geography, fragmentation, need for technical service, etc.
Figure 1 Schematic of The Alpha Olefin Business
(illustrative)

IMAGE: CHEM EQ PERPN024-1
The challenge also comes from logistics as butene-1 is a gas and needs to be moved in dedicated refrigerated isotanks, pressurized railcars or specially designed vessels. Most alpha olefins are liquids, although higher fractions are solid and can be moved in liquid form in isotanks fitted with heating coils.
Up to dodecene-1 (C₁₂) there is little difference in properties of the alpha olefins produced from different sources. Beyond dodecene-1, however, there arise significant variations in alpha olefin properties such as concentration of alpha olefin, internal olefin or branched species. Some applications are favored by more linear species, others benefit from modest branching. On purpose isomerization can improve suitability for specific applications.
Commercial Full Range Processes
The global leaders in the alpha olefin business are BP, Chevron Phillips and Shell. Each operates its own process which provides a different product spectrum.
The characteristics of the various alpha olefin processes and distributions are described as follows:
Chevron Phillips employs an approach of a dilute triethylaluminum catalyst to produce a very broad alpha olefin distribution. Chevron Phillips produces C₄ to C₃₀₊ fractions with pure C₁₆ and C₁₈ fractions. Chevron Phillips products are highly linear with high levels of alpha olefins even at high carbon number.
BP employs a more complex approach with a concentrated triethylaluminum catalyst system to peak the alpha olefin distribution in the comonomer range, with the result that higher olefin products, tetradecene-1 and above, are more branched than Chevron Phillips products of equivalent carbon numbers.
Shell operates the Shell Higher Olefin Process (SHOP), combining an alpha olefin process catalyzed using a ligand modified nickel based system with a metathesis step to produce a broad product distribution of C₄-C₁₀ materials, selected higher fractions, and internal olefin fractions dedicated to captive detergent intermediates production.
Commercial On Purpose Processes
Although some full range units co-produce butene-1, most of the butene-1 manufactured today is made on purpose by extraction and distillation from petrochemical C₄ streams. In places like the Middle East where ethylene is gas-based with limited access to unsaturated C₄ streams, butene-1 is mainly made by ethylene dimerization.
During 2002/2003 as part of the Q-Chem I project in Qatar, Chevron Phillips brought on stream the first ethylene trimerization unit for on purpose hexene-1 production.
Nexant ChemSystems classifies Sasol technology as on purpose alpha olefin production. As Figure 2 illustrates, the Sasol SYNTHOL® process at Secunda, South Africa, provides a distribution of odd and even numbered carbon numbers. In the early 1990s Sasol began extracting hexene-1 (and even pentene-1) for the comonomer market. Since then Sasol has continued to expand hexene-1 capacity and in 1998 added octene-1 production at Secunda. More recently Sasol has begun extracting a C₁₁/C₁₂ cut (mainly alpha olefin) for captive detergent alcohols production.
New Full Range Processes
In the main, the drive behind new developments in full range alpha olefin technology has been to narrow down the carbon number distribution to the C₄-C₁₀ range. The catalysts employed by Axens (ALPHASELECT®) and Sabic/Linde (ALPHA-SABLIN®) are based on zirconium/aluminum systems and provide narrow carbon number distributions but with branched higher fractions. The UOP/Dow process (LINEAR-1®) provides a broader distribution.
Figure 2 Sasol Alpha Olefin Distribution
(weight percent)

IMAGE: CHEM EQ PERPN024-2
New On Purpose Processes
While there is still considerable research activity into ethylene trimerization, olefin metathesis has become the focus of attention in that ABB Lummus has developed a process to convert butylenes contained in petrochemical C₄ streams into hexene-1 with ethylene and propylene co-products. The process involves a complex number of steps, especially if crude C₄s are the starting point. Crude C₄s can be hydrogenated selectively to provide a butylenes-rich C₄ stream. Isobutylene can be removed via two-stage MTBE or a de-isobutenizer column. A Nexant ChemSystems interpretation of the process is provided in the report. The process scheme proposed includes BUTENEX® (from Krupp Uhde) and super-base catalyzed olefin isomerization to increase process flexibility in terms of the C₄ streams that can be accommodated.
Technology to convert butadiene into octene-1 has been developed and available for commercialization. However, the employment of this technology can only be made on a tactical basis. It is possible, though to combine butadiene to octene-1 conversion with a broader C₄ processing scheme with butene-1 and hexene-1 production. A possible configuration of such a complex is presented in the report.
Economics
This report provides economic analyses for both commercial (4 full range and 5 on purpose) and new (3 full range and 4 on purpose) processes.
Summary tabular and bar-chart comparisons are supported by individual cost of production estimates.
Supply/Demand
The report details end-use applications as well as global alpha olefin demand by end use for 2002 and by 6 regions with projections to 2015. Consumption of individual products is also provided by end use and by region, again with projections to 2015. Sources of alpha olefin supply are likewise presented.
Strategic Issues
The report also discusses two key strategic issues:
The development of chemicals production based on gas-to-liquids technology
The need for increased investment in on purpose comonomer production

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (PDF document -- No charge)

Introduction (PDF document -- $325.00)

OVERVIEW OF ALPHA OLEFINS (PDF document -- $150.00)

Figure 2.1 Schematic View of the Alpha Olefins Business (PDF document -- $100.00)

The Technology (PDF document -- $100.00)

Comments on Nexant ChemSystems Methodology (PDF document -- $100.00)

FULL RANGE ALPHA OLEFIN CHEMISTRY (PDF document -- $150.00)

Introduction (PDF document -- $150.00)

Table 2.1 Theoretical Alpha Olefin Distribution by Single Stage Ethylene Oligomerization (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 2.2 Theoretical Alpha Olefin Distribution by Single Stage Ethylene Oligomerization (PDF document -- $100.00)

Table 2.2 Theoretical Alpha Olefin Distribution by Two-Stage Ethylene Oligomerization (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 2.3 Theoretical Alpha Olefin Distribution by Two-Stage Ethylene Oligomerization (PDF document -- $100.00)

Figure 2.4 Comparative Theoretical Alpha Olefin Carbon Distributions (PDF document -- $100.00)

OUTLINE OF THE STUDY (PDF document -- $150.00)

Commercial Full Range Technology (PDF document -- $1,300.00)

OVERVIEW (PDF document -- $275.00)

CHEVRON PHILLIPS (PDF document -- $375.00)

Process Chemistry (PDF document -- $150.00)

Process Description (PDF document -- $150.00)

Figure 3.1 Chevron Phillips Full Range LAO Process (PDF document -- $500.00)

Figure 3.2 Chevron Phillips Full Range LAO - Reaction Section (PDF document -- $500.00)

Typical Product Spectrum (PDF document -- $150.00)

Figure 3.3 Chevron Phillips Full Range LAO Distribution (PDF document -- $250.00)

SHELL (PDF document -- $375.00)

Process Chemistry (PDF document -- $150.00)

Figure 3.4 Overview of Shell's Higher Olefin Process (PDF document -- $100.00)

Process Description (PDF document -- $150.00)

Figure 3.5 Shell Higher Process (SHOP) Oligmerization Section (PDF document -- $500.00)

Figure 3.6 Shell Higher Olefins Process (SHOP) Alpha-Olefins Separation (PDF document -- $500.00)

Figure 3.7 SHOP Process Isomerization and Disproportionation (I/O) (PDF document -- $500.00)

Product Spectrum (PDF document -- $150.00)

Figure 3.8 Speculative SHOP Mass Balance (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 3.9 SHOP LAO/LIO Distributions (PDF document -- $250.00)

BP (PDF document -- $375.00)

Overview (PDF document -- $150.00)

Process Description (PDF document -- $100.00)

Figure 3.10 BP Alpha-Olefin Technology (PDF document -- $500.00)

Product Distribution (PDF document -- $100.00)

Figure 3.11 BP LAO Distributions (PDF document -- $250.00)

IDEMITSU (PDF document -- $375.00)

Process Chemistry (PDF document -- $200.00)

Process Description (PDF document -- $200.00)

Figure 3.12 Idemitsu Process Schematic View (PDF document -- $500.00)

Figure 3.13 Idemitsu Process Separator Train Type I (PDF document -- $500.00)

Figure 3.14 Idemitsu Process Split Separator Train Option (PDF document -- $500.00)

Commercial Single Fraction Technology (PDF document -- $1,300.00)

COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR BUTENE-1 (PDF document -- $600.00)

Feedstock Issues (PDF document -- $200.00)

Figure 4.1 Schematic View of C4 Streams (PDF document -- $100.00)

Table 4.1 C4 Stream Composition (PDF document -- $250.00)

Nippon Zeon Extractive Distillation (PDF document -- $200.00)

Table 4.2 C4 Component Solubility in DMF (PDF document -- $100.00)

Figure 4.2 Nippon Zeon Extractive Distillation (PDF document -- $500.00)

Selective Hydrogenation/Fractionation (PDF document -- $200.00)

Table 4.3 Simplified Butene-1 Mass Balance (PDF document -- $500.00)

Figure 4.3 Selective Hydrogenation for Butene-1 Product (PDF document -- $500.00)

ALPHABUTOL® (Ethylene Dimerization) (PDF document -- $200.00)

Figure 4.4 Butene-1 Via Ethylene Dimerization (Axens Alphabutol Process) (PDF document -- $500.00)

COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR ON PURPOSE HEXENE-1 (PDF document -- $600.00)

Sasol Fischer Tropsch Derived Hexene-1 (PDF document -- $400.00)

Figure 4.5 Schematic of Sasol's Secunda Complex (PDF document -- $100.00)

Figure 4.6 Sasol FT-Derived Alpha Olefin Distribution (PDF document -- $100.00)

Table 4.4 Sasol FT-Derived Mixed Hexene/Hexane Stream Composition (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 4.7 Sasol Hexene-1 from Synthol Block Flow Diagram (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 4.8 A-Olefin Recovery From F-T Liquids (Sasol) Treatment Plus Iso-Olefin Removal (PDF document -- $500.00)

Figure 4.9 A-Olefin Recovery From F-T Liquids (Sasol) Superfractionation + Extractive Distillation) (PDF document -- $500.00)

Chevron Phillips Ethylene Trimerization (PDF document -- $400.00)

Figure 4.10 Trimerization Catalysis (PDF document -- $100.00)

Figure 4.11 Phillips' Hexene-1 Process: Trimerization and Separation (PDF document -- $500.00)

COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR ON PURPOSE OCTENE-1 (PDF document -- $600.00)

Sasol Fischer Tropsch Derived Octene-1 (PDF document -- $600.00)

Figure 4.12 Schematic Sasol Octene-1 Process (PDF document -- $250.00)

New Full Range Technologies (PDF document -- $1,300.00)

AXENS ALPHA-SELECT® (PDF document -- $375.00)

Process Chemistry (PDF document -- $200.00)

Figure 5.1 AlphaSelect Carbon Number Distribution (PDF document -- $250.00)

Process Design (PDF document -- $200.00)

Figure 5.2 Axens Alphaselect( Process Flow Diagram (PDF document -- $500.00)

UOP LINEAR-1® PROCESS (PDF document -- $375.00)

Process Chemistry (PDF document -- $200.00)

Process Design (PDF document -- $200.00)

Figure 5.3 UOP LINEAR-1® LAO Distribution (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 5.4 UOP LINEAR-1® Process Flow Diagram (PDF document -- $500.00)

SABIC/LINDE ALPHA-SABLIN® (PDF document -- $375.00)

Background (PDF document -- $100.00)

Process Chemistry (PDF document -- $100.00)

Figure 5.5 ALPHA-SABLIN® Catalytic Cycle (PDF document -- $500.00)

Figure 5.6 Alpha -Sablin® Carbon Number Distribution (PDF document -- $250.00)

Process Design (PDF document -- $100.00)

Figure 5.7 Alpha-Sabllin( Schematic View (PDF document -- $500.00)

DUPONT VERSIPOL® (PDF document -- $375.00)

Overview (PDF document -- $100.00)

Catalyst Background (PDF document -- $100.00)

Figure 5.8 Transition Metal Types for Ethylene Polymerization (PDF document -- $100.00)

Oligomerization mechanisms (PDF document -- $100.00)

Comments on Process Design (PDF document -- $100.00)

Figure 5.9 Schematic View of Potential VERSIPOL® LAO Plant (PDF document -- $250.00)

SUMMARY (PDF document -- $375.00)

Emerging On Purpose Technology (PDF document -- $1,300.00)

ABB LUMMUS ON PURPOSE HEXENE-1 (PDF document -- $900.00)

Process Chemistry (PDF document -- $425.00)

Process Design (PDF document -- $425.00)

Figure 6.1 Hexene Isomers Thermodynamic Equilibrium (PDF document -- $100.00)

Table 6.1 Methathesis Mass Balance Summary (PDF document -- $500.00)

Figure 6.2 Hexene-1 via C4 Metathesis (PDF document -- $250.00)

ON PURPOSE OCTENE-1 FROM BUTADIENE (PDF document -- $425.00)

Figure 6.3 On Purpose Octene-1 Production from Butadiene (PDF document -- $250.00)

ON PURPOSE POLYETHYLENE COMONOMER PLANT (PDF document -- $900.00)

Figure 6.4 Comonomer Alpha Olefins from Crude C4s (PDF document -- $250.00)

Table 6.2 Summary Mass Balance for Crude C4s to Comonomers Plant (PDF document -- $250.00)

Process Economics (PDF document -- $3,250.00)

OVERVIEW (PDF document -- $375.00)

Table 7.1 Feedstocks and Product Prices (PDF document -- $250.00)

Table 7.2 Utilities and Manpower Charges (PDF document -- $250.00)

COMMERCIAL FULL RANGE PROCESSES (PDF document -- $1,050.00)

Chevron Phillips (PDF document -- $300.00)

BP (PDF document -- $300.00)

Shell Alpha Olefins with Metathesis (PDF document -- $300.00)

Table 7.3 Cost of Production Estimate for Full Range Alpha Olefins (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Table 7.4 Cost of Production Estimate for Full Range Alpha Olefins (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Table 7.5 Cost of Production Estimate for Full Range Alpha Olefins (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Idemitsu Technology (PDF document -- $300.00)

Cost Comparison (PDF document -- $300.00)

Table 7.6 Cost of Production Estimate for Full Range Alpha Olefins (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Table 7.7 Cost of Production Summary for Full Range Alpha Olefins (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Figure 7.1 Cost of Production Summary for Full Range Alpha Olefins (PDF document -- $500.00)

Figure 7.2 Cost of Production and Revenue Summary for Full Range Alpha Olefins (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

COMMERCIAL ON PURPOSE TECHNOLOGY (PDF document -- $1,050.00)

On Purpose Hexene-1 (PDF document -- $350.00)

On Purpose Octene-1 (PDF document -- $350.00)

On Purpose Butene-1 (PDF document -- $350.00)

Cost Comparisons (PDF document -- $350.00)

Table 7.8 Cost of Production Estimate for On Purpose Hexene-1 (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Table 7.9 Cost of Production Estimate for On Purpose Hexene-1 (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Table 7.10 Cost of Production Estimate for On Purpose Octene-1 (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Table 7.11 Cost of Production Estimate for On Purpose Butene-1 (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Table 7.12 Cost of Production Estimate for On Purpose Butene-1 (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Table 7.14 Cost of Production Summary for On Purpose Alpha Olefins (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Figure 7.3 Cost of Production Summary for On Purpose Alpha Olefins (PDF document -- $500.00)

NEW FULL RANGE TECHNOLOGY (PDF document -- $1,050.00)

Table 7.15 Cost of Production Estimate for New Full Range Alpha Olefin Technology (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Table 7.16 Cost of Production Estimate for New Full Range Alpha Olefin Technology (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Table 7.17 Cost of Production Estimate for New Full Range Alpha Olefin Technology (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Cost Comparison (PDF document -- $1,050.00)

Table 7.18 Cost of Production Summary for New Full Range Alpha Olefin Technology (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Figure 7.4 Cost of Production Summary for New Full Range Alpha Olefin Technology (PDF document -- $500.00)

Figure 7.5 Cost of Production Summary for New Full Range Alpha Olefin Technology (PDF document -- $500.00)

NEW ON PURPOSE TECHNOLOGY (PDF document -- $1,050.00)

On Purpose Hexene-1 (PDF document -- $350.00)

Table 7.19 Cost of Production Summary for On Purpose Hexene-1 (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

On Purpose Octene-1 (PDF document -- $350.00)

On Purpose Comonomer Alpha Olefins Unit (PDF document -- $350.00)

Table 7.20 Cost of Production Summary for On Purpose Octene-1 (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Table 7.21 Cost of Production Summary for On Purpose Octene-1 (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Table 7.22 Cost of Production Summary for On Purpose Octene-1 (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Table 7.23 Cost of Production Summary for Polyethylene Comonomers (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Cost Summary (PDF document -- $350.00)

Table 7.24 Cost of Production Summary for New On Purpose Alpha Olefin Technology (PDF document -- $1,000.00)

Figure 7.6 Cost of Production Summary for New On Purpose Alpha Olefin Technology (PDF document -- $500.00)

Commercial Status (PDF document -- $1,300.00)

OVERVIEW (PDF document -- $325.00)

Figure 8.1 Alpha Olefin Market Segments (PDF document -- $100.00)

ALPHA OLEFIN APPLICATIONS (PDF document -- $450.00)

Polyolefins (PDF document -- $125.00)

Table 8.1 Comonomer Concentrations in Polyethylene (PDF document -- $250.00)

Detergent Intermediates (PDF document -- $125.00)

Figure 8.2 Detergent Alcohols Consumption by End-Use, 2002 (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 8.3 Detergent Alcohols Consumption by Region, 2002 (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 8.4 LAB Consumption by Region, 2002 (PDF document -- $250.00)

Synthetic Lubricants (PDF document -- $125.00)

Linear Plasticizer Alcohols (PDF document -- $125.00)

Figure 8.5 Plasticizer Volatility (PDF document -- $100.00)

Other Applications (PDF document -- $125.00)

GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW (PDF document -- $575.00)

Total Market (PDF document -- $100.00)

Figure 8.6 Global Alpha Olefin Demand, 2002 (PDF document -- $250.00)

Table 8.2 Alpha Olefin Demand, 2002 (PDF document -- $500.00)

Table 8.3 Alpha Olefin Demand, 2010 (PDF document -- $500.00)

Table 8.4 Forecast Alpha Olefin Demand Growth (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 8.7 Forecast LAO demand by Region (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 8.8 Inter-regional LAO Trade (PDF document -- $250.00)

Butene-1 (PDF document -- $100.00)

Figure 8.9 Butene-1 Consumption by End-Use, 1990-2015 (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 8.10 Butene-1 Consumption by Region, 1990-2015 (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 8.11 Butene-1 Inter-Regional Trade (PDF document -- $250.00)

Hexene-1 (PDF document -- $100.00)

Figure 8.12 Hexene-1 Consumption by End-Use, 1990-2015 (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 8.13 Hexene-1 Consumption by Region, 1990-2015 (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 8.14 Hexene-1 Inter-Regional Trade (PDF document -- $250.00)

Octene-1 (PDF document -- $100.00)

Figure 8.15 Octene-1 Consumption by End-Use, 1990-2015 (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 8.16 Octene-1 Consumption by Region, 1990-2015 (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 8.17 Octene-1 Inter-Regional Trade (PDF document -- $250.00)

Decene-1 (PDF document -- $100.00)

Figure 8.18 Decene-1 Consumption by End-Use, 1990-2015 (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 8.19 Decene-1 Consumption by Region, 1990-2015 (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 8.20 Decene-1 Inter-Regional Trade (PDF document -- $250.00)

Dodecene-1/Tetradecene-1 (PDF document -- $100.00)

Figure 8.21 Dodecene-1/Tetradecene-1 Consumption by End-Use, 1990-2015 (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 8.22 Dodecene-1/Tetradecene-1 Consumption by Region, 1990-2015 (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 8.23 Dodecene-1/Tetradecene-1 Inter-Regional Trade (PDF document -- $250.00)

Hexadecene-1/Octadecene-1 (PDF document -- $100.00)

Figure 8.24 Hexadecene-1/Octadecene-1 Consumption by End-Use, 1990-2015 (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 8.25 Hexadecene-1/Octadecene-1 Consumption by Region, 1990-2015 (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 8.26 Hexadecene-1/ Octadecene-1 Inter-Regional Trade (PDF document -- $250.00)

Higher Fractions (PDF document -- $100.00)

Internal Olefin Fractions (PDF document -- $100.00)

Figure 8.27 C20+ Fractions Consumption by Region, 1990-2015 (PDF document -- $250.00)

ALPHA OLEFIN SUPPLY (PDF document -- $450.00)

Table 8.5 Global Alpha Olefin Capacity, End 2002 (PDF document -- $250.00)

Table 8.5 Global Alpha Olefin Capacity, End 2002 (Cont.) (PDF document -- $250.00)

Figure 8.28 Future LAO Capacity Expansions, 2003-2015 (PDF document -- $250.00)

Strategic Issues (PDF document -- $650.00)

THE ALPHA OLEFINS FOOTPRINT (PDF document -- $300.00)

Broad Distribution (PDF document -- $175.00)

Figure 9.1 Broad LAO Footprint (PDF document -- $250.00)

Narrow Distribution (PDF document -- $175.00)

Figure 9.2 Narrow LAO Footprint (PDF document -- $250.00)

THE ALPHA OLEFINS BALANCING ACT (PDF document -- $300.00)

Figure 9.3 LAO Balancing (PDF document -- $250.00)

THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF GAS TO LIQUIDS TECHNOLOGY (PDF document -- $300.00)

Future Hexene-1 Supply Scenarios (PDF document -- $175.00)

Figure 9.4 Future Hexene-1 Supply by Source (PDF document -- $250.00)

Future Octene-1 Supply Scenarios (PDF document -- $175.00)

Figure 9.5 Future Octene-1 Supply by Source (PDF document -- $250.00)

References and Bibliography (PDF document -- $175.00)

INDUSTRY CONTACTS (PDF document -- $100.00)

REFERENCES (PDF document -- $100.00)

Full Range Alpha Olefin Processes (PDF document -- $75.00)

Ethylene Trimerization (PDF document -- $75.00)

Background

Figure 1 Schematic of The Alpha Olefin Business(illustrative)

Commercial Full Range Processes

Commercial On Purpose Processes

New Full Range Processes

Figure 2 Sasol Alpha Olefin Distribution(weight percent)

New On Purpose Processes

Economics

Supply/Demand

Strategic Issues

Figure 1 Schematic of The Alpha Olefin Business
(illustrative)

Figure 2 Sasol Alpha Olefin Distribution
(weight percent)